IONIZATIONOF ACIDS AND BASES Arrhenius concept of acids and bases becomes useful in case of ionization of acids and bases as mostly ionizations in chemical and biological systems oc
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The Ionization Constant of Water and its Ionic Product Some substances like water are unique in their ability of acting both as an acid and a base.We have seen this in case of water
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The pH Scale Hydronium ion concentration in molarity is more conveniently expressed on a logarithmic scale known as the pH scale. The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm to b
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Ionization Constants of Weak Acids Consider a weak acid HX that is partially ionized in the aqueous solution. The equilibrium can be expressed by: HX(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + X–(a
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Ionization of Weak Bases The ionization of base MOH can be represented by equation: MOH(aq)M+(aq) + OH–(aq) In a weak base there is partial ionization
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Relation between Ka and Kb As seen earlier in this chapter, Ka and Kb represent the strength of an acid and a base,respectively. In case of a conjugate acid-base pair, they ar
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Di-and Polybasic Acids and Di-and Polyacidic Bases Some of the acids like oxalic acid, sulphuric acid and phosphoric acids have more than one ionizable proton per molecule of the acid.
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Factors Affecting Acid Strength Having discussed quantitatively the strengths of acids and bases, we come to a stage where we can calculate the pH of a given acid solution. But, th
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Common Ion Effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases Consider an example of acetic acid dissociation equilibrium represented as: CH3COOH(aq)H+(aq) + CH3COO&ndas
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